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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Military Studies: Journal for Strategy, Technology and Defense Sciences</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">3126-3666</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">3126-3674</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>SAPCRAA</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1550</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi/org/10.65932/military-studies-2025-1-4</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Models of fuel redistribution in armoured-mechanised units during the transition from logistical pause to combat manoeuvre</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Simić</surname>
            <given-names>Gordana</given-names>
          </name>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5460-1092</contrib-id>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>75</fpage>
      <lpage>100</lpage>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sapcraa.com/article-preview/1550"/>
      <abstract>
        <p>The transition from a logistical pause to a combat manoeuvre represents one of the most underexamined inflection points in armoured-mechanised operations. During a pause, vehicles are dispersed in an assembly area with heterogeneous fuel states shaped by patrol activity, engine idling, environmental conditioning and unequal previous consumption; when the orderto-move arrives, the battalion must refuel and move out within a fixed window that is typically 90 to 180 minutes. This article develops an original formal model of fuel redistribution for a reinforced armoured-mechanised battalion of ninety vehicles across three consumption classes, and compares four redistribution policies (proportional, priority-based, greedy shortest-processing-time, and an optimised lexicographic weighted schedule) under three tanker-fleet configurations (three, five, and eight 15,000-litre tankers). The study introduces the Battalion Refueling Readiness Index (BRRI), a novel composite metric that integrates the share of vehicles meeting their class-specific fuel threshold, the dispersion of the post-refuelling fuel distribution, and the makespan of the refuelling operation. Two hundred Monte Carlo realisations of pre-manoeuvre fuel states yield three principal findings. First, policy choice is decisive in the knife-edge fleet regime: in the small-fleet configuration the priority-based policy outperforms the proportional baseline by 8.7 percentage points of BRRI, whereas in the large-fleet configuration all four policies converge within 0.5 points. Second, the greedy shortest-processing-time rule maximises the headcount readiness rate in constrained fleets (59.4% vs. 50.0% under priority), but does so at the price of elevated dispersion (22.3% vs. 17.3%), which is operationally costly because it leaves heavy vehicles of the main effort below the combat threshold. Third, sensitivity analysis shows that reducing the order-to-move window from 120 to 60 minutes collapses BRRI by roughly half in the small-fleet configuration while leaving the large-fleet configuration essentially unaffected, which identifies tanker-to-vehicle ratio rather than scheduling sophistication as the dominant lever. The original contribution of this article is threefold: the BRRI metric, a transition-specific mixed-integer scheduling formulation distinct from steady-state convoy refuelling problems, and an empirical demonstration that class-priority heuristics dominate in the operationally relevant fleet regime. The results have direct implications for the doctrinal sizing of Class III (Bulk) distribution platoons in small NATO and partner-state armoured brigades.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>military logistics</kwd>
        <kwd>armoured-mechanised battalion</kwd>
        <kwd>fuel redistribution</kwd>
        <kwd>refuelling operations</kwd>
        <kwd>scheduling optimisation</kwd>
        <kwd>combat readiness</kwd>
        <kwd>BRRI</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
